The licenses and permits you need depend on your business type, location, and industry. Here are the most common requirements:
Federal level:
EIN (Employer Identification Number) — free from the IRS, required if you have employees or operate as a corporation or partnership. Industry-specific licenses (FCC, ATF, EPA, etc.) if applicable.
State level:
Business registration with the Secretary of State (for LLCs and corporations). Sales tax permit if selling taxable goods or services. Professional or occupational license for regulated professions (contractors, cosmetologists, real estate agents, healthcare providers, etc.). State-specific permits for certain industries (food service, alcohol, firearms, etc.).
Local level:
General business license or occupation tax certificate from your city or county. Zoning permit — ensuring your business location is properly zoned. Building permits if you're constructing or renovating a space. Health department permit for food-related businesses. Signage permit for exterior business signs. Home occupation permit if running a business from your home.
How to find out what you need: Check with your state's Secretary of State and Department of Revenue websites. Contact your city or county clerk's office. The SBA (Small Business Administration) also provides state-by-state guidance on licensing requirements.
Tip: Operating without required licenses can result in fines, forced closure, and personal liability. It's worth the time to research your specific requirements before launching.